HIV Vaksin

VIVAnews - Alan Aderem, Director of BioMed, Seattle and Rino Rappuoli, Global Head of Vaccines Research for Novartis Vaccines and Diagonstics, reviewed the latest progress in vaccine development in a scientific journal, Nature.
They write, it is estimated, by 2020, a vaccine for malaria, tuberculosis (TB) and HIV / AIDS is found. In the journal that they also discussed the new devices include systems biology and structure-based design of antigens that can provide a better understanding of the mechanism of protection.
This device will give clues leading to the rational development of vaccines to alleviate the patient's most terrible diseases in the world.
According Aderem, a pioneer in the field of systems biology, new concepts and technological advances indicate that the vaccine for three diseases terdahsyat it will be developed within the next 10 years.
"The success will greatly depend on our ability to approach biological systems to analyze data generated during testing of evidence," said Aderem, like diktutip from MedIndia, May 28, 2011.
Aderem says, success will also provide new insights such as identifying the relationship between protection or signs of immunogenicity and the acceleration of large-scale clinical trials. Also, added Aderem, new regulatory approaches and innovative clinic will also accelerate the discovery of vaccines that are needed.
In his report, Aderem and Rappuoli also reviews the advantages and disadvantages of systems biology approach, with the major advantages of this approach is the ability to capture and integrate biological data in a very large number that appears to visualize the nature of which is not shown by the parts individually and unpredictable if you only use every single part.
"The advantage of biological systems is its ability to predict the behavior of entire biological systems," said Aderem. "From there, we can optimize vaccine candidates and predict whether the drug or vaccine candidates able to work before the drug was taken to a large-scale clinical trials are very expensive," he said.
Biological systems can also be used to accelerate clinical trials usually last long.
Aderem and Rappuoli predicts that in a trial vaccine for malaria, TB and HIV / AIDS, only one hypothesis successfully tested every eight years in the past three decades. "We can not continue to use this approach if we want to get results in the period immediately," said Aderem.
With this new method, said Aderem, we can accelerate development by conducting clinical trials of more efficacious and to improve the design using a systems biology approach to test several hypotheses in parallel and have an adaptive design to extend the results will prove most promising.• VIVAnews

The End Of Saturday?

KOMPAS.com - Usually when we party like there's no tomorrow we wake up with a hangover of biblical proportions. But while fun-loving atheists plan to take two paracetamol as per usual on Sunday, some evangelists will be taking the 'no tomorrow' angle a little too literally.
According to some minority sections of the Christian faith - via one octogenarian's rather embarrassingly unreliable maths - 'The Rapture' will take place at around 6pm tomorrow; Saturday, May 21.
The Rapture, another name for Judgement Day, is supposedly the time when God's chosen people will ascend to heaven and the rest of us are left behind to face apocalyptic scenes of earthquakes and fire.
The 'trial' for non-believers could last six months, but by October 21 they will all be dead, says the prophecy. Just in case the prediction is right, some Americans are making the most of their time left with 'Rapture Parties' across the country.

On the other hand, in Fayetteville, North Carolina, the American Humanist Association is organizing a two-day anti-Rapture extravaganza. There will be a party on Saturday and a concert on Sunday - with the tongue in cheek proviso that Sunday's fun could be cancelled due to a natural catastrophe of some sort.
The concept of the Rapture is a relatively new in terms of the Christian faith - first appearing in Christian teaching in the 19th century - but the chosen date is the work of one modern minister.
Harold Camping, 89, came up with the date by adding up numbers in the Bible. He did the same thing once before, stating unequivocally that the world would end in 1994, before apologising and blaming a mathematical error.

His followers have erected billboards across America that have been warning for weeks: 'Judgment Day is coming May 21st, 2011 – The Bible guarantees it!'
Most Christians barely pay the 'prophecy' a second thought but Camping, from Oakland, California, stands by his second Doomsday warning.
'We know without any shadow of a doubt it is going to happen,' said the founder of Family Radio, which broadcasts his forecast around the world.
'There’s going to be a huge earthquake that’s going to make the big earthquake in Japan seem like a Sunday School picnic.'

Camping, a civil engineer who once ran his own construction business, plans to spend the day with his wife in Alameda, in northern California, and watch doomsday unfold on television.
'I'll probably try to be very near a TV or a radio or something,' he said.
'I'll be interested in what's happening on the other side of the world as this begins.'
Camping has based his prediction on his belief that the Noah’s Ark flood happened in the year 4990 BC.
He claims that since 2 Peter 3:8 says that one day is like a thousand years and a thousand years is like one day to God, there will be seven thousand years between Noah's flood and the end of the world.
The seven days come from Noah having seven days to warn people about the coming disaster, so he assumes there will be seven days, translated to 7,000 years, between the flood and the destruction of earth.
So 4990 plus 2011, minus one because there was no year '0', equals 7,000 years. The prediction has been publicised in almost every country, said Chris McCann, who works with one of the groups spreading the message, eBible Fellowship.

McCann plans to spend Saturday with his family, reading the Bible and praying. His fellowship met for the last time on Monday.
'We had a final lunch and everyone said goodbye,' he said.
'We don't actually know who's saved and who isn't, but we won't gather as a fellowship again.'
The publicity has had some effect outside North America. In Vietnam, a crowd of around 5,000 members of the Hmong ethnic minority gathered near the border with Laos to await the biblical event, but they were soon dispersed by the government.
However, the Rapture - the belief that Christ will bring the faithful into paradise prior to a period of tribulation on earth that precedes the end of time - is a divisive belief even among Christians.
Most don't believe in it, and some are actively against it because they feel it makes them look foolish.
'People like this man are over-literalising certain passages that are not meant to be taken in such a strictly literal sense and they're trying to build strict chronologies by piecing together different Bible verses that were never intended to be interpreted in such a fashion,' said Dr. Don Howell, professor of New Testament at Columbia International University.

In an attempt to talk to Camping on his own literal terms, Dr Howell also points to Matthew 24, which says no one but the Father knows when the end will come, not even Jesus or the angels.
The Rapture is often mocked by non-believers in popular culture - the comic strip 'Doonesbury' has tackled the subject - while a Facebook page called 'Post Rapture Looting' has won huge support.
More than 175,000 people have joined the group, leaving comments such as: 'When everyone is gone and God’s not looking, we need to pick up some sweet stereo equipment and maybe some new furniture for the mansions we’re going to squat in.'

Jerry Jenkins, co-author with Tim LaHaye of the 'Left Behind' series of apocalyptic novels that have sold millions of copies worldwide, is among those who has a problem with the prediction.
'As a believer, I'm already a kook compared to most people, so for someone to choose a date and get everyone excited about a certain time, my problem is it makes us look worse,' said Jenkins, 61.
But the very industry in which Jenkins' books are aimed and sold are part of the problem according to Barbara Rossing, professor of the New Testament at the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago.
She describes a huge apocalyptic 'prophecy industry' that includes video games, board games and books, and says: 'It is very appealing to people.'

Indeed, according to its tax returns Family Radio, a non-profit organisation, has raised more than $100m over the last seven years. It owns 66 radio stations worldwide and a recent spike in activity has seen it lavish millions on its international billboard advertising campaign.
When asked what the church was going to do with the money when the world ended, Camping told Contra Costa Times; 'When Judgment Day comes, if someone is a billionaire, how will they take their money with them?
'If we have any money left, and we will because we have to pay bills up to the very end... it will all be destroyed because the world will be in a day of judgment.
'The money is not important at all. It's a vehicle to spread the judgment and a vehicle of the Lord.'
But as the true believers prepare for what they hope will be their last day on earth, many atheists are having fun with the anticlimax they anticipate.
In Tacoma, Washington, atheists have organized a party for Saturday night under the banner 'countdown to backpedaling', on the assumption that Camping and Family Radio will change their story if Judgment Day does not come.

At least 100 people are expected at the party, said Sam Mulvey, 33, an organizer of the event and the producer of a weekly atheist radio show in Tacoma.
'If the world still exists the next day, Family Radio is going to have to say something and most of the time they backpedal, and that's what we're counting down to,' he said.
Other atheists have taken a more practical approach to the 'rapture' by turning the 'prophecy industry' on itself to make money.

In New Hampshire, Bart Centre started his company Eternal Earth-bound Pets in 2009.
He offers rapture believers an insurance plan for those pets that won't join them in heaven: 10-year pet care contracts, with Centre and his network of fellow non-believers taking responsibility for the animals after the Rapture.
The fee - payable in advance, of course - was originally $110, but has risen to $135 since Camping's prediction. He has 258 clients.